Findings from multiple studies on cognitive health and aging suggest that six key lifestyle factors can influence longevity. “Are these six habits going to prevent all disease? No,” says Ronald C. Petersen, MD, PhD, FAAN, who is director of the Mayo Clinic Alzheimer's Disease Research Center in Rochester, MN, and serves on the Global Council on Brain Health, an initiative cofounded by AARP. “But if some of these modifications can push back the threshold at which you're going to be cognitively impaired from, say, 72 to 74 or 78, that's a big deal.”

Keep moving. Aim for 150 minutes of exercise a week, preferably at a brisk pace. Including some resistance exercises, such as push-ups and planks, to strengthen muscles is a plus.

Engage your mind. Do whatever you enjoy that keeps your mind active, whether it's reading, playing games, doing crossword puzzles, or something else that requires focus, Dr. Petersen advises. If it seems like a chore, it may be hard to stick with, he adds.

Eat more whole foods. A heart-healthy diet doubles as a brain-healthy diet, Dr. Petersen says. Avoid processed foods; eat more fruits, vegetables, grains, and nuts; limit red meat; and don't overdo sweets and alcohol. “Maybe one glass of wine a day,” Dr. Petersen says.

Be a social butterfly. As people get older, they tend to stay home more, which can lead to social isolation. “They start to lose their sense of confidence,” says Dr. Petersen, and may find reasons not to interact with others. Do all you can to remain engaged with friends, family, and your community.

Get plenty of restful sleep. Establishing a nighttime routine is key to good sleep, says Dr. Petersen, who encourages people to go to bed and get up at the same time every day. He also suggests avoiding stimulating activities, such as exercising or using the internet, right before bed, and limiting alcohol consumption. Talk to your doctor about sleep apnea, which is a common problem among older people and may contribute to feelings of tiredness even after a long night in bed, Dr. Petersen says.

Find ways to reduce stress. There are many ways to manage stress, including deep breathing, meditation, exercise, and talk therapy. “A little bit of stress can be good, but too much is harmful,” says Dr. Petersen.

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