Dr. Daniel Kantor responds:

Glatiramer acetate (Copaxone) is one of four FDA-approved injectable medications for relapsing-remitting MS. An assortment of four amino acids (the building blocks of our bodies), glatiramer acetate was originally developed to give laboratory animals a disease similar to MS called experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). When glatiramer acetate failed to cause EAE in the mice, investigators gave it to mice that already had the disease, and it helped improve their symptoms. After much laboratory and animal research, clinical trials were started in human MS patients. There were some flaws in the statistical methods used in these trials, and so the Cochrane Collaboration—an international non-profit organization that reviews trials—decided that these were not the best trials to support its use.

However, since the Cochrane Review was published, we have learned much more about glatiramer acetate, including how it works, the long-term benefits of staying on therapy, and even how it compares to beta interferons, the other class of injectable medications for MS. This also highlights how far we have come with MS medications; before 1993 there were no medicines for the condition, and now we have four injectable medications, two intravenous (IV) medicines, and dozens of ongoing clinical trials of IV and oral medicines. We have also come a long way in the methods we use to design clinical trials, which only give us a hint as to the full power of these medications.